濾芯的工作機(jī)理是以篩除作用為主還是以吸附作用為主取決于濾層的厚度。濾層相對較薄的翡翠濾芯主要是篩除作用;而濾層較厚的濾芯則以吸附作用為主。濾芯的精度取決于濾層孔隙的大小,但在同樣大小孔隙的情況下,吸附作用的過濾精度遠(yuǎn)大于篩除作用,因此在油田以吸附作用為主的深的濾芯實(shí)際應(yīng)用得較多。
但以吸附作用為主的濾芯反洗較難,脫附是這種濾芯反洗的關(guān)鍵,既取決于濾材對懸浮物的吸附強(qiáng)度,也取決于濾層孔隙的大小。如果把濾層孔隙狀態(tài)在過濾時(shí)與反洗時(shí)保持不變的濾芯稱為固定孔隙過濾器,而把在反洗時(shí)能改變過濾時(shí)孔隙狀態(tài)的過濾器稱為非固定孔隙濾芯,則固定孔隙過濾的反洗要比非固定孔隙過濾困難得多。
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