| Synonyms | CCN2, NOV2, HCS24, IGFBP8, MGC102839, CTGF, Connective Tissue Growth Factor. |
| Introduction | Connective Tissue Growth Factor belongs to the CCN family of proteins. The CCN family presently consists of six members in human also known as: Cyr61 （Cystein rich 61）, CTGF （Connective Tissue Growth Factor）, Nov （Nephroblastoma Overexpressed gene）, WISP-1, 2 and 3 （Wnt-1 Induced Secreted Proteins）. The CCN genes encode secreted proteins associated with the Extracellular Matrix （ECM） and cell membrane. CCN proteins are matricellular proteins which are involved in the regulation of various cellular functions including: proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion and migration. They are expressed in derivatives of the three embryonic sheets and are implicated in the development of kidney, nervous system, muscle, bone marrow, cartilage and bone. During adulthood, they are implicated in wound healing, bone fracture repair, and pathologies such as: fibrosis, vascular ailments and tumorigenesis.
Full length secreted CCN proteins can show an antiproliferative activity, whereas truncated isoforms are likely to stimulate proliferation and behave as oncogenes. The full length protein consists of four modulesModule I shares partial identity with the N-terminal part of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins （IGFBPs）.
Module II includes a stretch of 70amino acid residues – which shares sequence identity with the Von Willebrand Factor Type C repeat （VWC）.
Module III contains sequences sharing identity with the Thrombospondin type 1 repeat （TSP1） （WSXCSXXCG）, which is thought to be implicated in the binding of sulfated glycoconjugates and to be important for cell adhesion. Module IV, also designated CT, is encoded by exon5. It is the leasts conserved one of the four domains at the level of nucleotide sequence, but it appears to be critical for several of the biological functions attributed to the CCN proteins. Module IV resembles the CT domain of several extracellular protein including, Von Willebrand's factor and mucins. Sequence similarities to heparin-binding motifs are also found within this domain.
Proteolysis of the secreted full-length CCN proteins that has been reported in the case of CCN2 and CCN3 might result in the production of CCN-derived peptides with high affinity for ligands that full-length CNN proteins bind only poorly. Amino-truncated CCN2 isoforms were biologically active whereas no specific biological activity has been attributed to the truncated CCN3. Although the molecular processes underlying the production of these secreted isoforms is presently unknown, it is important to note that proteolysis occur at the same amino acid residues in both CCN2 and CCN3. An elevated expression of CCN2 has also been detected by Northern blotting in human invasive mammary ductal carcinomas, dermatofibromas, pyogenic granuloma, endothelial cells of angiolipomas and angioleiomyomas, and in pancreatic tumors. A study performed with chondrosarcomas representative of various histological grades established that CCN2 expression was closely correlated with increasing levels of malignancy. In agreement with CCN2 playing a role in brain tumor angiogenesis, immunocytochemistry studies indicated that both glioblastoma tumor cells and proliferating endothelial cells stained positive for CCN2. In astrocytomas, CCN2 expression was particularly elevated in high grade tumors, with a marked effect of CCN2 on cell proliferation. Downregulation of CCN2 expression in these cells was associated with a growth arrest at the G1/S transition while over-expression of CCN2 induced a two-fold increase of the number of cells in the G1 phase. Gene profiling analysis allowed to identify a set of about 50 genes whose expression might account for the proliferative activity of CCN2 in these cells. CCN2 was seen in a higher proportion of mononuclear cells of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. |
| Description | The Connective Tissue Growth Factor His-Tagged Fusion Protein, produced in E. coli, is 38.3 kDa protein containing 323 amino acid residues of the CTGF human and 23 additional amino acid residues - HisTag, Xa - cleavage site （underlined）.
MGHHHHHHHH HHSSGHIEGR HMRQNCSGPC RCPDEPAPRC PAGVSLVLDG CGCCRVCAKQ LGELCTERDPCDPHKGLFCD FGSPANRKIG VCTAKDGAPC IFGGTVYRSG ESFQSSCKYQ CTCLDGAVGC MPLCSMDVRLPSPDCPFPRR VKLPGKCCEE WVCDEPKDQT VVGPALAAYR LEDTFGPDPT MIRANCLVQT TEWSACSKTCGMGISTRVTN DNASCRLEKQ SRLCMVRPCE ADLEENIKKG KKCIRTPKIS KPIKFELSGC TSMKTYRAKF CGVCTDGRCCTPHRTTTLPV EFKCPDGEVM KKNMMFIKTC ACHYNCPGDN DIFESLYYRK MYGDMA. |
| Source | Escherichia Coli. |
| Formulation | Filtered （0.4 ?m） and lyophilized from 0.5 mg/ml in 0.05M Acetate buffer pH-4. |
| Solubility | It is recommended to add 0.1M Acetate buffer pH-4 to prepare a working stock solution of approximay 0.5mg/ml and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve compley. For conversion into higher pH value, we recommend intensive dilution by relevant buffer to a concentration of 10?g/ml. In higher concentrations the solubility of this antigen is limited. Product is not sterile! Please filter the product by an appropriate sterile filter before using it in the cell culture. |
| Stability | Store lyophilized protein at -20°C. Aliquot the product after reconstitution to avoid repeated freezing/thawing cycles. Reconstituted protein can be stored at 4°C for a limited period of time; it does not show any change after two weeks at 4°C.
The lyophilized CTGF remains stable until the expiry date when stored at -20°C. |
| Purity | Purity of Connective Tissue Growth Factor is greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE. |
| Usage | ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals. |
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