| Storage & Handling: | The CD28 antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C. This LEAF™ solution contains no preservative; handle under aseptic conditions. | | Application: | FC - Quality tested
Costim, IP, IHC - Reported in the literature | | Recommended Usage: | Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested byimmunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis. For flow cytometric staining, the suggested use of this reagent is ≤1.0 µg per million cells in 100 µl volume or 100 µl of whole blood. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application. | Application
Notes: | Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections4, and in vitro T cell costimulation5-8. This clone was tested in-house and does not work on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. The CD28.2 antibody co-stimulates T cell proliferation and cytokine production in the presence of suboptimal amounts of anti-CD3 antibody. The LEAF™ purified antibody (Endotoxin <0.1 EU/μg, Azide-Free, 0.2 μm filtered) is recommended for functional assays (Cat. No. 302914). For highly sensitive assays, we recommend Ultra-LEAF™ purified antibody (Cat. No. 302934) with a lower endotoxin limit than standard LEAF™ purified antibodies (Endotoxin <0.01 EU/µg). | Application
References: | 1. Schlossman S, et al. Eds. 1995. Leucocyte Typing V. Oxford University Press. New York.
2. Nunes J, et al. 1993. Biochem. J. 293:835.
3. Calea-Lauri J, et al. 1999. J. Immunol. 163:62.
4. Tazi A, et al. 1999. J. Immunol. 163:3511. (IHC)
5. Marti F, et al. 2001. J. Immunol. 166:197. (Costim)
6. Jeong SH, et al. 2004. J. Virol. 78:6995. (Costim)
7. Rivollier A, et al. 2004. Blood 104:4029. (Costim)
8. Scharschmidt E, et al. 2004. Mol. Cell Biol. 24:3860. (Costim)
9. Sheng W, et al. 2007.Elsevier 580:6819. PubMed
10. Mitsuhashi M. 2007. Clin Chem.53:148. PubMed
11. Ye Z, et al. 2008. Infect. Immun. 76:2541. PubMed
12. Magatti M, et al. 2008. Stem Cells 26:182. (FA) PubMed | | | Publication Library |
|  Human peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with LEAF™ purified CD28.2, followed by anti-mouse IgGs FITC
 Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with CFSE on day 0, and then stimulated with (filled histogram) or without (open histogram) immobilized LEAF™ Purified CD3 (clone UCHT1) and LEAF™ purified CD28 (clone CD28.2) for 3 days. On day 4, cells were harvested and stained with CD4 Brilliant Violet 711™. Dot plot (above) was analyzed on live cells. Histogram data (below) was analyzed by gating on CD4 positive cells.
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| Description: | CD28 is a 44 kD disulfide-linked homodimeric type I glycoprotein. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is also known as T44 or Tp44. CD28 is expressed on most T lineage cells, NK cell subsets, and plasma cells. CD28 binds both CD80 and CD86 using a highly conserved motif MYPPY in the CDR3-like loop. CD28 is considered a major co-stimulatory molecule, inducing T lymphocyte activation and IL-2 synthesis, and preventing cell death. In vitro studies indicate that ligation of CD28 on T cells by CD80 and CD86 on antigen presenting cells provides a costimulatory signal required for T cell activation and proliferation. | | Other Names: | T44, Tp44 | | Structure: | Ig superfamily, type I transmembrane glycoprotein, homodimer, 44 kD | | Distribution: | Mature T cells, thymocytes, NK cell subsets, plasma cells, EBV-positive B cells | | Function: | T cell costimulation | | Ligand Receptor: | CD80, CD86 | Antigen
References: | 1. Schlossman S, et al. Eds. 1995. Leucocyte Typing V. Oxford University Press. New York.
2. June CH, et al. 1994. Immunol. Today 15:321.
3. Linskey PS, et al. 1993. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:191. | | GeneID: | 940  | | UniProt: | View information about CD28 on UniProt.org | | Keywords: | LEAF™ Purified anti-human CD28, CD28.2, LEAF™, T44, Tp44, Human, Cross-Reactivity: Chimpanzee, Baboon, Cynomolgus, Rhesus, Pigtailed Macaque, Squirrel Monkey, Capuchin Monkey, Sooty Mangabey, Activation, Costimulation, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, Biofunctional Assay, Immunology, Antibodies |
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