單分子開關(guān)的翻轉(zhuǎn)有助于建立成熟的神經(jīng)元聯(lián)接,允許大腦彌補(bǔ)青少年敏感與成年人穩(wěn)定之間的差距。現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在美國耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員已經(jīng)逆轉(zhuǎn)了這個(gè)過程,重建一個(gè)年輕的大腦在成年小鼠的學(xué)習(xí)和治療提供了便利。

科學(xué)家們?cè)缇椭?,年輕人和老年人的大腦有很大的不同。青少年的大腦更具有可拓展性或可塑性,這讓他們學(xué)習(xí)語言的速度比承認(rèn)和腦損傷恢復(fù)的人更快。
通過監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)周或數(shù)月內(nèi)活動(dòng)小鼠的突觸,耶魯大學(xué)的研究人員已經(jīng)確定了腦成熟的關(guān)鍵基因開關(guān),相關(guān)文章發(fā)表在3月6日的"Neuron"雜志上。Nogo受體1基因?qū)τ谝种聘邔哟吻嗌倌甏竽X和創(chuàng)建成人相對(duì)靜止的可塑性所必須的。沒有這個(gè)基因在小鼠中,青少年的大腦的可塑性堅(jiān)持整個(gè)成年期。當(dāng)研究人員阻斷該基因在老年小鼠的功能,他們重置古腦的可塑性對(duì)青少年的水平。
研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn),Nogo受體減慢損失的回憶。Nogo受體的小鼠沒有更迅速地失去了緊張的回憶,這表明操縱受體可能有助于治療創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙。
這項(xiàng)研究是由美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院資助。斯特里特馬特是科學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人Axerion治療,包括正在調(diào)查的應(yīng)用的NOGO研究及修復(fù)脊髓損傷。
原文摘要:
Anatomical Plasticity of Adult Brain Is Titrated by Nogo Receptor 1
Feras V. Akbik, Sarah M. Bhagat, Pujan R. Pa, William B.J. Cafferty, Stephen M. Strittmatter
Experience rearranges anatomical connectivity in the brain, but such plasticity is suppressed in adulthood. We examined the turnover of dendritic spines and axonal varicosities in the somatosensory cortex of mice lacking Nogo Receptor 1 (NgR1). Through adolescence, the anatomy and plasticity of ngr1 null mice are indistinguishable from control, but suppression of turnover after age 26 days fails to occur in ngr1mice. Adolescent anatomical plasticity can be restored to 1-year-old mice by conditional deletion of ngr1. Suppression of anatomical dynamics by NgR1 is cell autonomous and is phenocopied by deletion of Nogo-A ligand. Whisker removal deprives the somatosensory cortex of experience-dependent input and reduces dendritic spine turnover in adult ngr1mice to control levels, while an acuy enriched environment increases dendritic spine dynamics in control mice to the level of ngr1mice in a standard environment. Thus, NgR1 determines the low set point for synaptic turnover in adult cerebral cortex.