The effect of ultrasonic cleaning depends on the correct selection of ultrasonic cleaning process. Therefore, some process parameters (such as ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power density, ultrasonic cleaning time), the placement of cleaned parts, the requirements for cleaning solution and its formula are briefly analyzed.

A)超聲波頻率

A) Ultrasonic frequency

在超聲波清洗中，首先要正確選用超聲波的頻率。超聲波頻率是起決定性作用的工藝參數(shù)，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)空化作用有直接的影響。超聲波頻率越低，超聲空化作用越強(qiáng)，清洗效果也比較理想，但噪音較大。故一般采用的超聲波頻率為20千赫左右，此時(shí)的空化作用強(qiáng)，清洗效果也比較好。

In ultrasonic cleaning, the frequency of ultrasonic should be selected correctly first. Ultrasonic frequency is a decisive process parameter because it has a direct impact on cavitation. The lower the ultrasonic frequency is, the stronger the ultrasonic cavitation is, and the cleaning effect is ideal, but the noise is large. Therefore, the general ultrasonic frequency is about 20 kHz. At this time, the cavitation effect is strong and the cleaning effect is better.

對(duì)于表面光潔度較高的零件以及具有較小直徑的孔類零件，宜采用波長較短、能量較集中的高頻超聲波清洗。但高頻的超聲振動(dòng)在清洗液中衰減較大、作用距離較短、空化強(qiáng)度較弱，因而清洗效率也較低。

For parts with high surface finish and hole parts with small diameter, high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning with short wavelength and concentrated energy should be adopted. However, the high-frequency ultrasonic vibration has large attenuation, short action distance and weak cavitation intensity in the cleaning fluid, so the cleaning efficiency is also low.

此外，還由于高頻超聲波的方向性所產(chǎn)生的“陰影”，會(huì)造成被清洗件的某些部位清洗不到的現(xiàn)象。在使用無頻率跟蹤的超聲波清洗機(jī)時(shí)，需經(jīng)常調(diào)節(jié)超聲波發(fā)生器的“頻率調(diào)節(jié)”旋鈕，以便使其輸出信號(hào)的頻率與換能器的固有頻率始終保持一致，從而達(dá)到空化作用強(qiáng)、清洗效果的目的。

In addition, the "shadow" caused by the directionality of high-frequency ultrasound will cause the phenomenon that some parts of the cleaned parts cannot be cleaned. When using the ultrasonic cleaning machine without frequency tracking, it is necessary to often adjust the "frequency adjustment" knob of the ultrasonic generator so that the frequency of its output signal is always consistent with the natural frequency of the transducer, so as to achieve the purpose of strong cavitation and cleaning effect.

B)超聲波功率密度

B) Ultrasonic power density

超聲波清洗中，清洗效果是隨著超聲波功率密度增加而提高的。但過高的功率密度會(huì)由于空化作用過份強(qiáng)烈而引起被清洗件表面的浸蝕(即所謂空化腐蝕)，從而使被清洗件表面受到損傷。這種現(xiàn)象尤其對(duì)工件上的各種鍍層以及鋁合金件更為突出。為此，對(duì)于油污程度嚴(yán)重、形狀復(fù)雜、有深孔和盲孔的被清洗件，以及在清洗槽較深、清洗液粘度較大時(shí)，可選用較大的功率密度。高頻超聲波清洗時(shí)，功率密度也可以選大一些，以抵消其衰減大、作用距離短的弱點(diǎn)。若在粘度較小的清洗液中進(jìn)行漂洗時(shí)，則超聲波功率密度可以選小一些。

In ultrasonic cleaning, the cleaning effect increases with the increase of ultrasonic power density. However, too high power density will cause the surface of the cleaned part to be corroded (so-called cavitation corrosion) due to too strong cavitation, which will damage the surface of the cleaned part. This phenomenon is particularly prominent for various coatings on workpieces and aluminum alloy parts. Therefore, for the cleaned parts with serious oil pollution, complex shape, deep holes and blind holes, and when the cleaning tank is deep and the viscosity of the cleaning solution is large, a larger power density can be selected. During high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning, the power density can also be larger to offset the weakness of large attenuation and short action distance. When rinsing in a cleaning solution with low viscosity, the ultrasonic power density can be selected to be smaller.

C)清洗時(shí)間

C) Cleaning time

超聲波清洗的效果和質(zhì)量與超聲波清洗的時(shí)間有關(guān)。清洗時(shí)間太短會(huì)達(dá)不到清洗的質(zhì)量要求；但清洗時(shí)間過長，不僅降低工效，而且由于超聲波對(duì)被清洗件表面的空化腐蝕作用而影響了零件的表面質(zhì)量。

The effect and quality of ultrasonic cleaning are related to the time of ultrasonic cleaning. If the cleaning time is too short, it will not meet the quality requirements of cleaning; However, the cleaning time is too long, which not only reduces the work efficiency, but also affects the surface quality of the parts due to the cavitation and corrosion effect of ultrasonic on the surface of the cleaned parts.

油污程度嚴(yán)重、形狀復(fù)雜的零件清洗時(shí)間宜略長一些；具有各種鍍層的零件、鋁及鋁合金件的清洗時(shí)間應(yīng)短些；表面光潔度較高的零件，一般情況下油污會(huì)相對(duì)少一些，此時(shí)清洗時(shí)間也不宜過長

The cleaning time of parts with serious oil stain and complex shape should be slightly longer; The cleaning time of parts with various coatings, aluminum and aluminum alloy parts shall be shorter; Generally, the parts with high surface finish will have less oil stain, and the cleaning time should not be too long at this time

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